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Bile duct injury repair — earlier is not better

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 508-511 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0418-7

摘要:

Bile duct injury is a common complication of cholecystectomy. The timing of bile duct injury repair remains controversial. A recent review conducted in France reported 39% complications and 64% failure after immediate repair in 194 patients compared with 14% complications and 8% failure after late repair in 133 patients. A national review of 139 consecutive early repairs conducted at five hepatopancreaticobiliary centers in Denmark reported 4% mortality, 36% morbidity, and 42 restrictures (30%) at a median follow-up of 102 months, and only 64 patients (46%) demonstrated uneventful short-term and long-term outcomes. Most patients with bile duct injury present with bile leak and sepsis; thus, early repair is not recommended. Percutaneous drainage of bile and endoscopic stenting are the mainstays of treatment of bile leak because they convert acute bile duct injury into a controlled external biliary fistula. The ensuing benign biliary stricture should be repaired by a biliary surgeon after a delay of 4–6 weeks once the external biliary fistula has closed.

关键词: bile duct injury     cholecystectomy     laparoscopic cholecystectomy    

Strategies of minimally invasive treatment for intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 576-589 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0536-5

摘要:

Cholelithiasis is a kind of common and multiple diseases. In recent years, traditional laparotomy has been challenged by a minimally invasive surgery. Through literature review, the therapeutic method, effect, and complications of minimally invasive treatment of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones by combining our practical experience were summarized as follows. (1) For intrahepatic bile duct stones, the operation may be selected by laparoscopic liver resection, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE), or percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. (2) For concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones, the surgical approach can be selected as follows: laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) or endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation, LC plus laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration, LC plus LCBDE, and T-tube drainage or primary suture. (3) For concomitant intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones, laparoscopic liver resection, choledochoscopy through the hepatic duct orifice on the hepatectomy cross section, LCBDE, EST, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy could be used. According to the abovementioned principle, the minimally invasive treatment approach combined with the surgical technique and equipment condition will be significant in improving the therapeutic effect and avoiding the postoperative complications or hidden dangers of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones.

关键词: laparoscopy     choledochoscopy     duodenoscopy     cholelithiasis     minimally invasive treatment    

Effects of hydralazine and valproate on the expression of E-cadherin gene and the invasiveness of QBC

Hong LI, Shaoqin CHEN, Yi SHU, Yongjun CHEN, Ying SU, Xin WANG, Shengquan ZOU

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 153-157 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0034-5

摘要: To clarify the effect of DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitors on the expression of the E-cadherin gene and the invasiveness of the QBC cells, the QBC cells were separately treated with hydralazine, valproate, or combination of the two drugs. The mRNA expression of E-cadherin was examined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the protein of the gene with Western blotting. The methylation status of the promoter region of the gene was detected with methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The invasiveness of QBC cells was detected with transwell assay. It was found that the promoter region of the E-cadherin gene of QBC cells was hypermethylated. Valproate alone could not contribute to demethylation of the gene, whereas hydralazine could make them to be partly demethylated. However, the methylation status of the gene could be thoroughly reversed by using valproate and hydralazine in combination. What’s more, it was confirmed that the E-cadherin gene of QBC cells could not be transcriptionally reactivated by Valproate alone, whereas hydralazine alone could induce moderate reexpression of the gene. However, using valproate and hydralazine in combination could result in robust reexpression of the E-cadherin gene ( =0.000). Likewise, the invasiveness of the QBC939 cells was sharply decreased by treatment with two drugs in combination and slightly decreased with one drug alone. It could be concluded that the two drugs have synergistic effect on the demethylation and reexpression of the E-cadherin gene of QBC cells, and also on the reduction of the invasiveness of the QBC939 cells.

关键词: DNA methylation inhibitor     histone deacetylase inhibitor     bile duct carcinoma     E-cadherin    

Diagnosis and treatment of thyroglossal duct carcinoma: Report of three cases with review of literatures

GAO Yan, CHEN Yan, SUN Zhipeng, GUO Chuanbin, YU Guangyan, ZHAN Yi

《医学前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 58-62 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0011-4

摘要: Thyroglossal duct carcinoma, which is usually diagnosed postoperatively, is a rare malignant tumor arising in the thyroglossal duct cyst. The definitive diagnosis can be made only after microscopic examination. We retrospectively reviewed three cases of thyroglossal duct carcinoma diagnosed in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 1986 to August 2006. Clinical and pathological features were investigated and the optimal treatment protocol was proposed. The constituent ratio of thyroglossal duct carcinoma among surgically excised thyroglossal duct lesions was 2.9%. The clinical presentation of thyroglossal duct carcinoma was very similar to that of its benign counterpart. Two cases were diagnosed as thyroglossal duct cyst prior to the operation, the remaining one as dermoid cyst. All three cases were diagnosed as papillary carcinoma of thyroid origin after microscopic examination. Primary thyroglossal duct carcinoma should conform to the following criteria: localization of the carcinoma to a clearly demonstrable thyroglossal duct cyst or tract; clinically or histologically confirmed absence of carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Papillary carcinoma is the most common histological type, which usually develops slowly with an excellent prognosis. The histological characteristics including: formation of papillary structure; nuclear morphological variations such as ground glass nuclei, pseudoinclusions, intranuclear grooves and filaments; concentrically calcified structures termed psammoma bodies which is regarded as a strong indication of papillary carcinoma; and positivity in immunohistological staining for thyroglobin. Sistrunk procedure of excision is the choice for treatment. A close follow-up is needed. In the presence of thyroid gland masses or cervical lymphadenopathy, thyroidectomy or neck dissection should be recommended. The effect of thyroid suppression therapy and radioactive iodine therapy is not conclusive.

Dihydroartemisinin increased the abundance of by YAP1 depression that sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma

《医学前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 729-746 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0978-2

摘要: The effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy is limited in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression increased in liver tumor cells in early HCC, and Akkermansia muciniphila abundance decreased in the colon. The response to anti-PD-1 treatment is associated with A. muciniphila abundance in many tumors. However, the interaction between A. muciniphila abundance and YAP1 expression remains unclear in HCC. Here, anti-PD-1 treatment decreased A. muciniphila abundance in the colon, but increased YAP1 expression in the tumor cells by mice with liver tumors in situ. Mechanistically, hepatocyte-specific Yap1 knockout (Yap1LKO) maintained bile acid homeostasis in the liver, resulting in an increased abundance of A. muciniphila in the colon. Yap1 knockout enhanced anti-PD-1 efficacy. Therefore, YAP1 inhibition is a potential target for increasing A. muciniphila abundance to promote anti-PD-1 efficacy in liver tumors. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), acting as YAP1 inhibitor, increased A. muciniphila abundance to sensitize anti-PD-1 therapy. A. muciniphila by gavage increased the number and activation of CD8+ T cells in liver tumor niches during DHA treatment or combination with anti-PD-1. Our findings suggested that the combination anti-PD-1 with DHA is an effective strategy for liver tumor treatment.

关键词: hepatocellular carcinoma     YAP1     Akkermansia muciniphila     anti-PD-1     dihydroartemisinin     bile acid    

A giant Müllerian duct cyst in the perineum: a case report

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 440-443 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0222-6

摘要:

The authors present a case report of a giant Müllerian duct cyst in the perineum. A 37-year-old man presented with a mass with the size of 50 cm×40 cm×30 cm in the perineum. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis and perineum found a huge multilocular cystic mass. X-ray film of the pelvis showed a giant soft-tissue shadow of high density in the perineum. Voiding cystourethrogram did not show any cyst interlinked to posterior urethra. After related examinations, the patient underwent open surgical resection of the cyst. Pathologic examination confirmed the presence of a Müllerian duct cyst. Huge Müllerian duct cyst is uncommon in clinic. Treatments of Müllerian duct cysts depend on their sizes and symptoms.

关键词: Müllerian duct cyst     clinical symptoms     diagnosis    

Bile acids and their effects on diabetes

Cynthia Rajani, Wei Jia

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 608-623 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0644-x

摘要: Diabetes is a widespread, rapidly increasing metabolic disease that is driven by hyperglycemia. Early glycemic control is of primary importance to avoid vascular complications including development of retinal disorders leading to blindness, end-stage renal disease, and accelerated atherosclerosis with a higher risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and limb amputations. Even after hyperglycemia has been brought under control, “metabolic memory,” a cluster of irreversible metabolic changes that allow diabetes to progress, may persist depending on the duration of hyperglycemia. Manipulation of bile acid (BA) receptors and the BA pool have been shown to be useful in establishing glycemic control in diabetes due to their ability to regulate energy metabolism by binding and activating nuclear transcription factors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in liver and intestine as well as the G-protein coupled receptor, TGR5, in enteroendocrine cells and pancreatic -cells. The downstream targets of BA activated FXR, FGF15/21, are also important for glucose/insulin homeostasis. In this review we will discuss the effect of BAs on glucose and lipid metabolism and explore recent research on establishing glycemic control in diabetes through the manipulation of BAs and their receptors in the liver, intestine and pancreas, alteration of the enterohepatic circulation, bariatric surgery and alignment of circadian rhythms.

关键词: bile acids     metabolic memory     diabetes     circadian rhythm     bariatric surgery    

Knockdown of RFC4 inhibits the cell proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and

《医学前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 132-142 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0938-x

摘要: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that mainly occurs in East and Southeast Asia. Although patients benefit from the main NPC treatments (e.g., radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy), persistent and recurrent diseases still occur in some NPC patients. Therefore, investigating the pathogenesis of NPC is of great clinical significance. In the present study, replication factor c subunit 4 (RFC4) is a key potential target involved in NPC progression via bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, the expression and mechanism of RFC4 in NPC were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that RFC4 was more elevated in NPC tumor tissues than in normal tissues. RFC4 knockdown induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and inhibited NPC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, HOXA10 was confirmed as a downstream target of RFC4, and the overexpression of HOXA10 attenuated the silencing of RFC4-induced cell proliferation, colony formation inhibition, and cell cycle arrest. For the first time, this study reveals that RFC4 is required for NPC cell proliferation and may play a pivotal role in NPC tumorigenesis.

关键词: nasopharyngeal carcinoma     WGCNA     RFC4     proliferation    

Artificial Bear Bile: A Novel Approach to Balancing Medical Requirements and Animal Welfare

Yong Li,Yuhong Huang,Nan Feng,Heping Zhang,Jing Qu,Shuanggang Ma,Yunbao Liu,Jiang Li,Shaofeng Xu,Ling Wang,Mi Zhang,Jie Cai,Weiping Wang,Ru Feng,Hang Yu,Bo Yu,Dailiang Liang,Heping Qin,Suxiang Luo,Yanfen Li,

《工程(英文)》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.017

摘要: Bear bile has been a valuable and effective medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for over 13 centuries. However, the current practice of obtaining it through bear farming is under scrutiny for its adverse impact on bear welfare. Here, we present a new approach for creating artificial bear bile (ABB) as a high-quality and sustainable alternative to natural bear bile. This study addresses the scientific challenges of creating bear bile alternatives through interdisciplinary collaborations across various fields, including resources, chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacology, and TCM. A comprehensive efficacy assessment system that bridges the gap between TCM and modern medical terminology has been established, allowing for the systematic screening of therapeutic constituents. Through the utilization of chemical synthesis and enzyme engineering technologies, our research has achieved the environmentally friendly, large-scale production of bear bile therapeutic compounds, as well as the optimization and recomposition of ABB formulations. The resulting ABB not only closely resembles natural bear bile in its composition but also offers advantages such as consistent product quality, availability of raw materials, and independence from threatened or wild resources. Comprehensive preclinical efficacy evaluations have demonstrated the equivalence of the therapeutic effects from ABB and those from commercially available drained bear bile (DBB). Furthermore, preclinical toxicological assessment and phase Ⅰ clinical trials show that the safety of ABB is on par with that of the currently used DBB. This innovative strategy can serve as a new research paradigm for developing alternatives for other endangered TCMs, thereby strengthening the integrity and sustainability of TCM.

关键词: Artificial bear bile     Chemical profile     Formula optimization     Pharmacodynamic consistency     Preclinical toxicological assessment    

The impact of hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 33-41 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0301-3

摘要:

Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypoxia stabilizes transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), to activate gene transcription. Expression of HIF is closely associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in HCC. HIF mediates expression of genes that are involved in every step of HCC metastasis including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion of the extracellular matrix, intravasation, extravasation, and secondar y growth of the metastases. Because HIF is the central regulator of HCC metastasis, HIF inhibitors are attractive tools when used alone or as combined treatment to curb HCC metastasis. This review will summarize the current findings on the impact of hypoxia/HIF in HCC, with a particular focus on cancer metastasis.

关键词: hypoxia     hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)     metastasis     hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)    

Osteopontin is a promoter for hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis: a summary of 10 years of studies

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 24-32 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0312-8

摘要:

In this review, we summarize the novel findings from our series of studies on the leading metastasis-related gene, osteopontin (OPN). In our previous gene expression profiling study, OPN was identified as one of the leading genes associated with the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We focused on OPN to evaluate its prognostic values and important roles in HCC metastasis. A retrospective study of large cohorts of HCC patients demonstrated that plasma OPN level was one of the leading independent prognostic factors for HCC patients, even in the early stage of HCC, and could serve as a surrogate serologic biomarker for monitoring the treatment response and tumor recurrence after HCC resection. Using both in vitro and in vivoinvestigations, we found that OPN has an important role in metastasis and tumor growth of HCC and is an attractive potential therapeutic target for combating HCC metastasis. We also found that OPN+ HCC cells have much more amplifications at chromosomal regions, and promoter polymorphisms are important in the regulation of OPN expression and tumor growth and lung metastasis of HCC.

关键词: osteopontin (OPN)     hepatocellular carcinoma     metastasis     prognosis     therapeutic target     biomarker     genetic polymorphism    

Natural killer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and perspectives for future immunotherapeutic

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 509-521 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0546-3

摘要:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. In the last few years, treatments for HCC have significantly improved from a mere surgical resection to a series of minimally invasive therapies and targeted drugs. However, recurrence frequently occurs even upon curative therapeutics, and drug therapies generally produce disappointing results, with the overall prognosis dismal. This challenging clinical scenario warrants new effective and life-prolonging strategies for patients with HCC. Compelling evidence suggests that NK cells play a critical role in the immune function of the liver and in the immune defenses against HCC, indicating that HCC might be an ideal target for NK cell-based immunotherapies. To obtain comprehensive insights into the putative influence of NK cells on HCC, this paper summarizes current knowledge on NK cells in HCC and discusses the usefulness and prospects of NK cell-based immunotherapies. Critical issues that require consideration for the successful clinical translation of NK cell-based therapies are also addressed. If appropriately used and further optimized, NK cell-based therapies could dominate important roles in the future immunotherapeutic market of HCC.

关键词: natural killer cell     hepatocellular carcinoma     immunotherapy    

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western therapy on primary hepatic carcinoma: a

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 191-202 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0512-0

摘要:

Primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is a common malignant tumor in China. Cancer is comprehensively treated with various therapeutic regimes, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TCM has been widely used to improve the quality of life, delay the time of cancer progression, and prolong the median survival time. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of TCM combined with Western therapy on primary hepatic carcinoma. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in six databases, including CNKI, VIP, Wan-Fang Database, CBM, PubMed, and Cochrane library. A total of 44 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 3429 participants suffering from PHC were selected. Meta-analysis results indicated that the overall effect of TCM and Western integrative treatment on PHC was higher than that of Western intervention alone, which can postpone tumor recurrence and metastasis and prolong the overall survival time of patients with PHC. Although the obtained evidence remained weak because of the poor methodological quality of the included studies, this review provided relevant data supporting the efficacy and safety of TCM combined with Western therapies. In future research, individual RCT studies should incorporate accepted standards for trial design and reporting, proper outcome indicators according to international standards, blinding in allocation concealment, and valid follow-up periods.

关键词: traditional Chinese medicine     primary hepatic carcinoma     meta-analysis    

Transcriptional modules related to hepatocellular carcinoma survival: coexpression network analysis

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 183-190 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0440-4

摘要:

We performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to gain insights into the molecular aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Raw microarray datasets (including 488 samples) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) website. Data were normalized using the RMA algorithm. We utilized the WGCNA to identify the coexpressed genes (modules) after non-specific filtering. Correlation and survival analyses were conducted using the modules, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment was applied to explore the possible mechanisms. Eight distinct modules were identified by the WGCNA. Pink and red modules were associated with liver function, whereas turquoise and black modules were inversely correlated with tumor staging. Poor outcomes were found in the low expression group in the turquoise module and in the high expression group in the red module. In addition, GO enrichment analysis suggested that inflammation, immune, virus-related, and interferon-mediated pathways were enriched in the turquoise module. Several potential biomarkers, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), topoisomerase 2α (TOP2A), and serpin peptidase inhibitor clade C (antithrombin) member 1 (SERPINC1), were also identified. In conclusion, gene signatures identified from the genome-based assays could contribute to HCC stratification. WGCNA was able to identify significant groups of genes associated with cancer prognosis.

关键词: hepatocellular carcinoma     coexpression     module     microarray     prognosis    

Medical oncology management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma 2019: a reality check

Amy Lee, Fa-Chyi Lee

《医学前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 273-283 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0728-2

摘要: In terms of global cancer-related deaths, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the fourth highest mortality rate. Up until 2017, treatment of advanced HCC was largely limited to sorafenib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with little to no success in the development of alternative treatment options. However, in the past two years, there has been an unprecedented increase in both the number and type of treatment options available for HCC. As of 2019, the US FDA has approved four oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors, two immune checkpoint inhibitors, and one anti-angiogenesis antibody for the treatment of HCC. Even with this new variety, systemic treatment of advanced HCC remains largely unsatisfactory, and the median survival rate stands at approximately one year. The expected breakthrough of using immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced HCC did not materialize in 2019. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in conjunction with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors or anti-angiogenesis medications is the current clinical research trend, the results of which are eagerly anticipated. Despite limited progress in survival, HCC research is currently experiencing a period of growth and innovation, and there is hope for significant advances in the treatment of advanced HCC as the field continues to develop.

关键词: hepatocellular carcinoma     tyrosine kinase inhibitor     check point inhibitor     anti-angiogenesis    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Bile duct injury repair — earlier is not better

null

期刊论文

Strategies of minimally invasive treatment for intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones

null

期刊论文

Effects of hydralazine and valproate on the expression of E-cadherin gene and the invasiveness of QBC

Hong LI, Shaoqin CHEN, Yi SHU, Yongjun CHEN, Ying SU, Xin WANG, Shengquan ZOU

期刊论文

Diagnosis and treatment of thyroglossal duct carcinoma: Report of three cases with review of literatures

GAO Yan, CHEN Yan, SUN Zhipeng, GUO Chuanbin, YU Guangyan, ZHAN Yi

期刊论文

Dihydroartemisinin increased the abundance of by YAP1 depression that sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma

期刊论文

A giant Müllerian duct cyst in the perineum: a case report

null

期刊论文

Bile acids and their effects on diabetes

Cynthia Rajani, Wei Jia

期刊论文

Knockdown of RFC4 inhibits the cell proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and

期刊论文

Artificial Bear Bile: A Novel Approach to Balancing Medical Requirements and Animal Welfare

Yong Li,Yuhong Huang,Nan Feng,Heping Zhang,Jing Qu,Shuanggang Ma,Yunbao Liu,Jiang Li,Shaofeng Xu,Ling Wang,Mi Zhang,Jie Cai,Weiping Wang,Ru Feng,Hang Yu,Bo Yu,Dailiang Liang,Heping Qin,Suxiang Luo,Yanfen Li,

期刊论文

The impact of hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis

null

期刊论文

Osteopontin is a promoter for hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis: a summary of 10 years of studies

null

期刊论文

Natural killer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and perspectives for future immunotherapeutic

null

期刊论文

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western therapy on primary hepatic carcinoma: a

null

期刊论文

Transcriptional modules related to hepatocellular carcinoma survival: coexpression network analysis

null

期刊论文

Medical oncology management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma 2019: a reality check

Amy Lee, Fa-Chyi Lee

期刊论文